Background: Primary dentition takes the most important role in the development of permanent dentition. Primary second molars determine the eruption and position of permanent first molars. Early diagnosis and treatment could prevent the establishment of occlusal anomalies and deformities, therefore this study aimed to collect data about the prevalence of malocclusions based on the deciduous second molar terminal planes among the Tbilisi preschoolers. Methods: A total of 396 children aged 3-6 years, with an equal number of male and female subjects, were examined in kindergartens drawn from ten districts of Tbilisi, using the PPS (probability proportional to size) method. The relationship between distal surfaces of primary second molars was evaluated and recorded according to Baume’, s classification. The significance level is 0. 05 for all statistical tests. Results: Out of investigated preschoolers, 52. 7% showed the flush terminal plane, followed by the distal step in 21. 2% and mesial step in 26. 1% of cases. There were no significant differences in genders. The most prevalent relationship between deciduous second molars was the flush terminal plane, with equal distribution in all age groups. The frequency of distal step decreased with age, more frequently recorded in the 3 to 4 year age group. The mesial step was mostly recorded in 3-4 and 5-6 year groups. Conclusion: The flush terminal plane is the most frequent molar relationship, followed by mesial and distal step. Prevalence of distal mesial step significantly decreased with age, while mesial step relationship showed the tendency to increase. The flush terminal plane showed little change with age.

Objective: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been increasingly in use over the last few decades in both medicine and dentistry. It has been suggested that LLLT may be helpful in pulpal wound healing following pulp exposure. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of LLLT and formocresol (FC) application in healing of remaining pulp following pulp amputation in primary molars.Materials and Methods: A total of 23 contralateral pairs of teeth from 11 children aged 4 to 7 years were selected and matched using clinical and radiographic criteria. One tooth from each pair was randomly assigned to the LLLT pulpotomy and the to FC pulpotomy group. During a 6-month follow-up period, the teeth were examined clinically and radio graphically. Eight patients (four in each group) completed six-month and 6 patients (three in each group) completed one-year follow-up.Results: Clinically, no complication was observed in the teeth. However, radiographic assessment revealed signs of periradicular radiolucency in two teeth in LLLT group.Conclusion: Findings of this investigation show that LLLT can be used successfully as a complementary step to pulpotomy procedure in order to help the healing of amputated pulp. Longer follow-up periods are recommended to investigate long-term effect of LLLT pulpotomy on pulp.

Introduction: In this study we used combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole and clindamycin for treatment of 3 patients with infected primary molars until eruption of the first molars. Materials and Methods: A single session LSTR was done using combination of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and andclindamycin at the ratio of 1: 1: 1. Conclusions: After 12-to 13-month follow-ups, the combination can greatly help save hopeless infected primary molars before eruption of permanent first molars due to effective space maintenance.